Validitas Instrumen Penilaian Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Mengukur Pemahaman Keagamaan Peserta Didik
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Abstrak
Penilaian Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) tidak hanya berfungsi untuk mengukur penguasaan pengetahuan keagamaan, tetapi juga seharusnya mampu merepresentasikan kemampuan peserta didik dalam memahami, memaknai, dan mengontekstualisasikan ajaran Islam dalam kehidupan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis validitas instrumen penilaian PAI dan menilai sejauh mana kelayakan psikometriknya dapat merepresentasikan pemahaman keagamaan peserta didik. Penelitian menggunakan jenis data kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif-evaluatif. Instrumen berupa 30 butir tes objektif PAI diujicobakan pada peserta didik sekolah dasar dan dianalisis menggunakan ANATES. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 20 butir (66,67%) memenuhi kriteria validitas, sedangkan 10 butir (33,33%) memerlukan revisi. Koefisien reliabilitas sebesar 0,68 berada pada kategori sedang. Sebanyak 19 butir (63,33%) memiliki daya pembeda yang memadai, sedangkan 11 butir (36,67%) masih memiliki daya pembeda yang rendah. Tingkat kesukaran terdiri atas 12 butir mudah (40,00%), 14 butir sedang (46,67%), dan 4 butir sukar (13,33%). Temuan tersebut menunjukkan kelayakan psikometrik yang cukup, tetapi validitas statistik belum sepenuhnya sejalan dengan validitas substantif dalam mengukur pemahaman keagamaan. Tes objektif lebih kuat merepresentasikan pengetahuan faktual-konseptual dibandingkan dengan kemampuan interpretatif, reflektif, kontekstual, dan internalisasi nilai. Penelitian ini menawarkan validitas integratif penilaian PAI melalui keterkaitan kualitas psikometrik, keterwakilan konstruk, kesesuaian inferensi, dan triangulasi bukti untuk menghasilkan representasi pemahaman keagamaan yang lebih utuh.
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